Ingufu zumutse kwisi, ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwiyongera, kubungabunga ingufu zabantu no kubungabunga ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, hamwe nigitekerezo cyo kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije inganda za LED ziratera imbere, kwisi yose, bityo inganda za LED zisa nkizabaye urumuri rwisi umucunguzi winganda, leta zisi muburayi na Reta zunzubumwe zamerika mu rujijo rw’ibibazo by’amafaranga nkaho habonetse inganda, inzira nziza yo kuzamura igipimo cy’akazi, Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyishimira, gitekereza amaherezo cyabonye Chris ubwiza, amahirwe akomeye kuri shiraho ikoranabuhanga ryo ku rwego rwisi, ikoranabuhanga ryose, inganda zimurika zirahuze zirahamagarira inkunga ya leta, inkunga, inkunga zinganda za LED, kwanga ntabwo ijoro ryose kumurika LED kugirango bisimburwe mubice byose byisi, ako kanya kugirango ubushyuhe bwisi bwikubye kabiri, cyane cyane mubijyanye ninganda zinyuranye zUbushinwa urwango ntirushobora guhabwa abantu bose barundanyirijwe mu nganda za LED ukurikije ibyo bita miliyari 500 cyangwa ndetse na miriyari y'amadorari ya "cake nini".
Ariko ibi nibyo koko? Tekinoroji yacu ya LED yageze mwijoro irashobora gusimbuza urwego rwose? Reka dusuzume neza urwego rw'isi n'urwego rw'imbere muri uru rwego ni ibihe bihe?
A, Uburayi,
Isoko: Abanyaburayi imyumvire yo kurengera ibidukikije, kubungabunga ingufu no kurushaho gukura, kwemerera ibicuruzwa byo kurengera ibidukikije ni byinshi, kandi Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasabwe mbere yo gukuraho itara ryaka ry’amategeko abigenga ryatangiye, guverinoma mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa y'amatara azigama ingufu n'amatara ya LED yazanye gahunda y'inkunga (inkunga ku giciro cy'ibicuruzwa cya 30% ~ 55%), bityo rero mu rwego rw'isi, isoko ry’i Burayi mu gucana amatara ya LED yo kumenyekanisha kandi TuiGuangLv ni menshi, ubungubu mubihugu bimwe bikomeye byu Burayi bimaze kugira ibicuruzwa binini bigurishwa munsi ya 10 w LED n’itara n’ibicuruzwa, amatara y’iburayi yerekana imurikagurisha rya Philips n’imurikagurisha rya osram i Frankfurt mu mwaka wa 2010 wasabye cyane ku bicuruzwa byayo, maze atangira kubaka no kuzamura y'imiyoboro y'isoko.
Ikoranabuhanga: kubera ko ibihugu bya eu mugushiraho ibipimo bihuriweho akenshi bitewe ninyungu zinyuranye n’aho bitangirira, bitera sisitemu nyinshi kandi bigashyira mu gaciro ugereranije n’ubunebwe, isoko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi kugera ku bipimo bifatika ndetse n’ibipimo bya tekiniki birarekuwe, CE kugira ngo imurikire ry’ibihugu bikomeye (SSL) tekinoroji yo kuvugurura umushinga kugirango ikomeze hafi ya yose yerekeranye nibisabwa tekinike ya soko yumucyo gakondo, ntabwo ifite impinduka nini.
Uruganda: nkuko ibihangano gakondo byo kumurika ibihangano bya Philips na osram byatangiye hashize imyaka 2000 cyangwa bigashora imari cyane mubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga rya LED kumurika, harimo osram muri LED yera hamwe nibikoresho bya fluorescent byayoboye, ariko osram mumyaka yashize yagurishijwe kugurisha isoko gukwirakwiza urumuri rwumucyo wera muri Indoneziya, mubijyanye n’ibicuruzwa rusange bimurika ibicuruzwa bidakunze kumenyekana, kandi ahanini byibanda mu mupira w'imbere imbere n'amatara yo kuzamura icyiciro; Philips yabaye ibyiza, hamwe nigishoro cyayo mubijyanye na LED ikoreshwa mbere yo kugura isosiyete y'Abanyamerika lumileds ifite ibyiza bya tekiniki hamwe nizindi gahunda, mu ikoranabuhanga ryibanze hamwe na patenti bifitanye isano nyuma yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa no gushakisha ibigo byujuje ubuziranenge bikora OEM umusaruro we, hamwe nibipimo bikaze cyane hamwe na OEM yategetse cyane nkibikoresho kugirango yunguke byinshi mubucuruzi.
Ubundi isesengura: Philips na osram kuzamura mubijyanye no kumurika LED bizibanda kumasoko yuburayi n’abanyamerika mu myaka ya 2012 ishize, Impyisi mu mishinga y’inganda ikoresheje Ubushinwa ku mugabane w’Ubushinwa nyuma ya 2012 kugira ngo yinjire ku isoko rya Aziya, hamwe n’ubushinwa bwakusanyije urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa kuri bo kugirango babone inyungu.
Icya kabiri, Amerika
Isoko: kubera ingaruka ziterwa nubukungu, abanyamerika batangiye gufata calculatrice hejuru ya buri une yikiguzi cyayo, kuko ukuri kw'igiciro gusumba amatara gakondo, ibicuruzwa bimurika LED byahoraga bitanga Abanyamerika bamwe bashidikanya bakareba, muri buri soko rinini na supermarket by'agateganyo nabyo ntibishobora kubona amatara ya LED yamurika ibicuruzwa n'amaduka manini, rimwe na rimwe rimwe na rimwe rimwe na rimwe birashobora kubona ni bimwe mu bipimo bito bito by'itara n'amatara mato mato.
Ikoranabuhanga: abanyamerika barakaze cyane mubijyanye no kubona isoko, hiyongereyeho igipimo cyinyenyeri yingufu, kugirango urumuri rukomeye-rumuri UL umushinga ngenderwaho urategurwa kandi utezwa imbere, ariko kandi uherekejwe nibindi bipimo byinjira nabyo bigenda bitera imbere kandi biganira, mugihe Ibicuruzwa bya LED ni Uburayi na Reta zunzubumwe zamerika bikora uruganda rukora chip mu byamamare, binini byahise bigwa ku isoko ry’umuguzi ku isi, ariko bitewe n’amafaranga yo gutanga ibyemezo bya UL ahenze kandi atoroshye, isoko rya LED rikomeye rya leta mu majyaruguru Isoko ryo muri Amerika ryatangiye rwose kugereranya bizaba nyuma ya 2012.
Uruganda: muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika CREE, lumileds, ibigo nka bridgELux LED itsinda ryinganda zikora chip za LED zifata neza tekinoroji yibanze ya LED chip chip ku isi yose tekinoroji ya LED yarangije rwose gusimbuza amatara gakondo, uruganda rwa isi - Ubushinwa, kugirango utangire ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi niterambere no kubyaza umusaruro, dukeneye ibicuruzwa byawe, isoko ryamerika isoko ryabo kugeza hejuru ya 70% yinyungu yinyungu yo hagati no hagati yumubare munini wibigo bigura ibicuruzwa byabo Ku rundi ruhande, kuyobora ishyirahamwe ry’amashyirahamwe cyangwa ubumwe bikora ndetse n’ibyabo ntibishobora kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa tekiniki y’ibicuruzwa, uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa nk’ikoranabuhanga ridakuze ryerekana ibimenyetso.
Ubundi buryo bwo gusesengura: abanyamerika mubijyanye na tekinoroji ya LED nkigipimo cya kabiri, ariko kuzamura ubucuruzi bwabanyamerika nicyiciro cyisi rwose, nakamura wo muri societe CREE yashyize bombi kuva mubuyapani bajya muri Amerika barashobora kubona basohoka, abanyamerika nkingwe ishonje, muri inganda za LED, ntazigera akora ibishoboka byose ngo akoreshe imbaraga zabo nubuyobozi bwisoko mugucunga neza urwego rwinganda zihuza urwego rwohejuru, rukoreshwa mugufata icyiswe hafi ya miliyari 500 z'amadolari y'isoko.
Batatu, Aziya, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo na Tayiwani
Isoko: ultra-high brightlight LED blu-ray tekinoroji ni iy'Abayapani muri mirongo inani s hanze, bityo societe yAbayapani yo gukoresha amatara ya LED ifite ishyaka ryinshi kwisi, bityo isoko ryabayapani kubufasha bwa LED ni nini cyane, kandi ikomeye amanota ku bicuruzwa bya LED mu myaka yashize, gahunda ya leta, ibicuruzwa bya LED mu kuzamuka kw'isoko ry’Ubuyapani byarushije kure ibindi bihugu; Kubice bya Koreya yepfo na Tayiwani bifite inganda zikoresha za semiconductor hamwe nikoranabuhanga r & d, kugeza ubu muri 70% yinganda zo mu bwoko bwa LED zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isi zikorerwa muri kano karere, ndetse n’Ubuyapani, umuturage, osram, bridgelux y'Abanyamerika, semileds hafi ya yose muri yo ni umusaruro wa OEM muri Tayiwani.
Ikoranabuhanga: kugeza ubu haracyari Ubuyapani bufite umucyo mwinshi wa tekinoroji ya LED, hamwe na tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikoreshwa mu gupakira, ariko bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’Abayapani ryahagaritswe, Abashinwa babona buri gihe ni undi muntu ikoranabuhanga n’ibicuruzwa bya ErSanLiu, hamwe na ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga kugirango ritange ibicuruzwa igihe cyose kugirango uhangane ningaruka zo kurenganurwa kwabandi. Mugihe leta ya koreya yepfo ishyigikiye imbaraga zibyo yihutira kugura amasosiyete yisi yose nka samsung na LG inyuma ya LED chip, chip yakozwe na LED yakozwe mububiko cyangwa izamuka ryibiciro.
Uruganda: mu ikoranabuhanga rya LED kuva hejuru kugeza kugenzura no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga irashobora kuvuga Ikiyapani, Igikoreya, Tayiwani ni kimwe mu bigo bikomeye, gusa Abayapani mu Buyapani, Toyota, inganda z’imiti ya mitsubishi LED n’ibigo bifite chip yo mu rwego rwa mbere, fosifori nibikoresho bya optique, umuturage wUbuyapani, ityaye, samsung, LG yabazwe ibicuruzwa bipakira nkisoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru, mugihe Tayiwani wafer, urumuri, amasosiyete menshi nkingufu, lite-on yabaye ikigo kinini cya OEM ku isi.
Ubundi buryo bwo gusesengura: Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo bifite umusingi mwiza wa tekiniki nimbaraga za leta mugutezimbere ikoreshwa ryisoko, LED yamenetse cake, bazamera nkitsinda ryingunzu, bakurikiranire hafi umuvuduko winyungu zinganda zunguka murwego rwo hejuru kurangiza, yajugunye ibicuruzwa n'ikoranabuhanga bya ErSanLiu ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa, Ubushinwa burashaka kwiba? Ikigereranyo cyagereranijwe ni kinini.
Icya kane, urwego rwinganda mubushinwa
Kugeza ubu, hamwe no kongera ingufu mu kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mbere na nyuma ya 2007, guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yatangije politiki n’ingamba zinyuranye zishyigikira inganda za LED. Ubu ufite ubunini bwubunini cyangwa bugiye kugira inganda zo hagati zo hagati zikora chip zifite ibicuruzwa birenga 30, hamwe nibicuruzwa byo hagati byinjira murwego rwo hagati rwumushinga cyane cyane muri delta yinzuzi na delta ya delta ya Yangtze, umusaruro wacyo bingana na 60% byumusaruro wisi yose, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe kumurongo wanyuma ni binini cyane, hamwe na LED igereranijwe hamwe nibisabwa, ibigo binini na bito byo mukarere ka shenzhen bigera hafi 3000.
Hamwe no kuyobya politiki ya guverinoma, guteza imbere ishoramari ku mugabane wa Afurika no gutangiza imari shoramari, hamwe n’ibigo binini bya Leta, ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde, imari shoramari, kandi bifite amafaranga kuri shobuja, ibigo bya LED ubu birerekana ibintu byinshi, bitera imbere. imbaraga zikomeye no kwita ku nganda hitawe cyane kubyo bita "binini" bishyiraho igihugu cyose, ndetse nisi yose ya parike yinganda zifotora mumyaka ibiri ishize byibuze nka 50, ikindi ni ikihe, ndetse bamwe ibyiciro bitatu byo mu ntara 4 n’imijyi bivugwa ko byubaka parike nini nini ku isi.
Nyuma yimyaka itanu, ntituzi ibyo byitwa "binini" byimishinga, duhangayikishijwe nibizava muri uku kwihuta ni resin cross field. Irushanwa rikabije ryibiciro, amaherezo ryaba imbaraga nini, ibikoresho, ntabwo ari iherezo ryimyanda yubutunzi, ubutaka kandi bigatatanyirizwa ahitwa hubbub, hanyuma amaherezo uwatsinze urugamba mumaraso arashobora gufatwa byoroshye nigihangange mpuzamahanga kimurika. cyangwa imari mpuzamahanga, inganda za LED amaherezo zirimo gukorera abandi JiaYiChang iracyagaragara.
Fata umujyi wa zhongshan guzhen, nkurugero: nubwo 2008 ryasenyutse mubibazo mpuzamahanga byubukungu byatumye inganda za guzhen zimurika mubatisimu, ariko kubera isoko rikomeye ry’abaguzi bo mu Bushinwa, umujyi wa zhongshan uracyari umuriro muri iki gihe, umuvuduko wo kwamamaza ntutakaze gukoraho. Nka nganda zimurika LED, umujyi usa nkuwatangijwe niterambere ryinshi ry "isoko", ubuyobozi bwibanze bwo kwifuza ndetse ninama zinyuranye zumuryango w’amashyirahamwe y’amashyanyarazi hamwe n’ubufatanye, ibyiringiro bifashishije itara rya semiconductor dongfeng ritanga urumuri rwa LED ku isi isoko hamwe no guhuriza hamwe imishinga.
Ntutekereze, kuri ubu muri entreprise yumujyi wa kera izwi cyane ijambo ryitwa "nta cyiza (cyiza), gusa igiciro cyo hasi ()". Ati: "kunanirwa kugaragara kubera ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n’igihugu by’ibipimo bihuriweho hamwe na gahunda ihamye yo kugera no kugenzura isoko, mu nganda zisa na chaoyang LED zitaratangira, zashyizeho inganda zanduye, ibicuruzwa byakozwe, imikorere idahungabana, bitera cyane ibitekerezo bibi mubaguzi batekereza, kubashaka gukora ibicuruzwa byiza rwose, gutsimbarara ku ikoranabuhanga, ibigo bifite ireme birwanira kubaho.
Ubundi buryo bwo gusesengura: Inganda za LED zo mu Bushinwa ubu nko mu gasozi zirya kugirango zirinde itsinda ryintama ku byatsi, burigihe utekereza ko ibyatsi ari binini bihagije, bishobora kurya ibyo ukora, ariko iri rushanwa ridahwitse kugeza ryari? Nyuma yo kurwana bikaze ni ibisubizo byumuzabibu ugomba gutangwa cyangwa ni nyuma yo gukura gukomeye ibihangange byo kumurika mpuzamahanga mwizina ryamasezerano cyangwa kugura buhoro buhoro.
Intwari, twita inganda zirarikira "igitangaza", ariko inzozi zigomba kuba zubakiye ku gushikama gukora neza ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa no kwita ku mahugurwa y'abakozi, aho wajya hose, ntukagendere kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi ntabwo ari birebire ijambo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2016