Iminsi mike ishize, yabereye mumasoko yagutse yumushinga wagurishijwe "mumasomo ya LED yinganda ya 2011" ku, impuguke yitabiriye iyo nama hamwe nabayobozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi, ubushakashatsi bwiterambere ryumushinga wa semiconductor ku rwego rw’igihugu ubushakashatsi n’iterambere n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda wungirije umunyamabanga mukuru, ibihugu bya Bwana GengBo Yu Bin inyanja umuyobozi w'amashanyarazi w'inyenyeri, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije, PhD, yumye nk'amashanyarazi, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari, umunyamabanga w'inama y'ubutegetsi Bwana Ye Sunyi yitabiriye iyo nama, kandi inganda za LED 2011 zakomeje ibiganiro. Ibikubiye mu nama n'ibitekerezo byavuzwe muri make:
1. Mu myaka mike iri imbere inganda za LED zizakomeza iterambere ryihuse
Mu myaka 10 ishize LED kugirango itezimbere buri mwaka, igipimo cyikiguzi cyamatara ya LED cyarenze isoko yumucyo gakondo, amatara namatara yikiguzi cyuzuye kiri munsi yamatara yaka, itara rya halogene numucyo wa CFL, bizaba bihwanye Amatara azigama ingufu za 2012. Igiciro cya LED 2015 gishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 1/5 cyumwaka wa 2010, mugihe igipimo rusange cyo kumurika isoko ryinjira kigera kuri 50%, muri 2020 kizaba kirenga 75% kumasoko yamurika.
Amarushanwa y’inganda kuri ubu ni Amerika n'Ubuyapani, Uburayi, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubushinwa na Tayiwani. Ubu ibihugu byose mu kohereza ingamba, nk’Ubuyapani binyuze mu nkunga ya leta yo guteza imbere urumuri rwa LED, ahanini biteganijwe ko ruzasimbura igipimo cya 2015 cya 50%, igipimo cy’abasimbura 100% muri 2020; Koreya y'Epfo muri 2015 kugirango barebe ko 30% by'isoko rusange rimurika.
Inganda ziva mu nganda za LED mu Bushinwa zageze kuri miliyari 120, inganda zirenga 4000, mu myaka itanu ishize umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 35%, urenga 40% mu mwaka wa 2010. Inganda ziva mu nganda ziteganijwe mu myaka mike iri imbere impuzandengo yo kwiyongera kurenga 35%. Ubu Ubushinwa buri mu bushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere byageze ku bikorwa bitangaje, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bipfunyika bifite umwihariko wabyo, porogaramu nazo zifite intambwe nini. Gusaba ipatanti, gusaba ipatanti ya LED irenga 28912, harimo enapsulation hamwe na patenti yo gusaba byari hafi 70%; Ihuriro ryibizamini byigihugu rifite batandatu na batatu barateganya.
2. Ishoramari rya LED rifite ishoramari ryo gushyuha
Inganda gakondo zimurika ibicuruzwa byageze kuri miliyari 290, 2010, 2010, LED rusange yamurika ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari 18, byiyongereyeho 140% ugereranije na 2009, 2009, bingana na 21% byurwego rwisoko rya LED, byiyongereyeho 14% hejuru ya 14% muri 2009, harimo itara ryo kumuhanda LED, urumuri rwa tuneli rwazamutse hejuru ya 100%. Ubumwe bwibarurishamibare murugo LED itara ryumuhanda rifite miliyoni zirenga 1.6. LED yinjira mu isoko ntabwo iri munsi ya 1% muri 2010, biteganijwe ko izagera kuri 30% muri 2015. Ariko mvugishije ukuri, isoko rusange ryamatara naryo ahanini ni guverinoma, isoko nyayo ntiratangira, ariko gusimbuza amatara gakondo nibyo bigenda y'Ibihe.
Igipimo cy’ishoramari mu gihugu kingana na miliyari 20, 2009, 2010 kugeza kuri miliyari 30, ishoramari ryibanze cyane cyane mu nganda zihuza inganda. Ishoramari ryimbere mu gihugu ni rinini cyane. Igice cy'amasosiyete akoresha ingufu z'izuba nacyo cyashora imari, poly (itsinda rya xin ryashoye miliyari 2,5 z'amadolari, amaseti 500 ya MOCVD yatumijwe mu mahanga yubatse LED base muri suzhou.
Umubare wibikoresho bya MOCVD 2010 umugabane wa 2010 uteganya 09 kuri 50% byogutangwa kwisi yose MOCVD, gahunda yimyaka itatu yibice 1466 bishya, birenga umubare wibikoresho 09 bya MOCVD kwisi yose, nkuko gahunda ibiteganya, nyuma yimyaka itatu ubushobozi bwa wafer butanga umusaruro; kuba inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 15 zo muri 2009. Hano ni ngombwa kumenya ko inganda zigomba kuzamuka, umubare wibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru urashobora kuba mukibura, ariko ukaba utaragera ku isoko muri iki gihe, biragoye ko ibyo bikoresho bizaba nta bisagutse. Ishoramari rifite imyumvire yo gushyuha cyane, birenze kimwe cya gatatu cyumushinga gakondo wamurika winjiye cyangwa uteganya kwinjira.
3. Ubushinwa LED inganda amahirwe n'imbogamizi
Kubera Ubushinwa bushingiye ku mucyo gakondo kimwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu bikoresho rusange, ingufu zishobora kuba inganda za LED mu Bushinwa. Ubushinwa kurwego rwigihugu rugenzura isoko kandi ingaruka zimihindagurikire ziragaragara.
Amahirwe yinganda zo murugo imbere hamwe nibibazo birabana. Amahirwe: 1, amasoko gakondo kandi azamuka afite amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi, 2 yinganda zimurika, inganda zubwubatsi zirakabije, 3, kandi kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe niterambere rirambye bitanga amahirwe meza yinganda za LED, 4, na politiki yanyuma iteza imbere cyane inganda ziterambere, umwaka ushize muri semiconductor inganda zerekana umushinga wo gupiganira amasoko byerekana ibisobanuro ni binini; Inzitizi: 1, ibihugu byateye imbere bimaze kugira politiki yo guteza imbere gahunda yo kwerekana ibyerekanwa, 2, ibihugu byateye imbere byatanze ibihano byo gufunga bidasubirwaho, nko gukoresha ingufu nyinshi z’amatara n’umucyo gakondo, Ubushinwa nabwo bugomba gukomeza kandi 3, nabwo bukaba buhangayikishijwe inganda ziteza imbere urwego rwa leta zigira ingaruka kumurimo winganda zumucyo gakondo byihuse, ariko inzibacyuho zigomba gukorwa hubahirijwe amategeko yisoko, politiki irashobora gutwarwa gusa, 4, kandi igihangange mpuzamahanga gikomeye mubikorwa byo hasi bisaba twe kwihutisha kwishyira hamwe, 5, hamwe na patenti bisanzwe byabaye intego yibikorwa byamarushanwa mpuzamahanga, atandatu, gukwirakwiza umutungo winganda ntabwo byegeranijwe hamwe, kandi Ubushinwa nubukungu bwaho, kugabanya iterambere ryibanze biragoye; Imiterere yo hejuru ikunda ibicuruzwa byo hagati, mubushobozi buke, 7, inkunga yinganda no guhuza ntibihagije. Inkunga ya tekiniki, ibidukikije byiterambere ntabwo byuzuye bihagije. Urwego rwishoramari ruri hasi, ibicuruzwa bikomeye bahuje ibitsina, amasoko asanzwe hamwe nimpamyabumenyi nko kunoza uburyo bwo gutahura.
4. 2011 izaba isoko yambere ya LED rusange
Icyizere gishya cyisoko, isoko rishya ukoresheje leds rifite agaciro gakomeye mubukungu kandi inyungu zibidukikije ni imyaka 10 amasaha 8 kumunsi (amasaha 30000) iteganyagihe 2010-2015, imikorere ya fotosintetike igera kuri 60 2010 lm / w, 2015 igera kuri 100 lm / w, igiciro ku mafaranga 70, 2010, muri 2015 irashobora kugabanuka munsi y $ 10. Biteganijwe ko muri 2013 aribwo impinduka zigabanuka, ni ukuvuga ko iyi ngingo ari LED nini yo kuzamura igipimo cy’ifaranga.
Amatara ya LED kumasoko azaza azaba LED nikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibiciro munsi yimodoka ebyiri. Ihuriro riteganijwe, isoko rusange rya LED muri 2011, ryatangiye muri 2011-2012, itara rya LED rizava mubucuruzi, inganda, ibiro ndetse n’ahantu hahurira abantu kugeza buhoro buhoro kugeza kumuri murugo.
Ingamba zo gushora imari:
1. intego yibikorwa bishobora kuba: ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhuza sisitemu, imishinga ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza vertical icyarimwe; Mubikorwa bimwe byihariye; Ifite ibyiza byo kuranga imishinga; EMC ifite ibiranga imiterere yubucuruzi.
2. Mu bice byingenzi: ukurikije itara rya mbere rusange, amatara yubucuruzi no gucana urugo inzira yuburyo buteganijwe.
3.
5. Ibikoresho byinshi LED bipfunyika bikunda kurutonde rwuzuye
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryibikoresho bya LED irushanwa ntirikiri ikintu kimwe, ariko gikunda gutekereza kumurabyo no kwerekana amabara, nkubuzima, ikiguzi, indangagaciro yuzuye. Icyerekezo cya tekinoroji yo gupakira LED ifite ingufu nyinshi nubucucike buri hejuru, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibara ryerekana amabara menshi, kwishyira hamwe no gukora neza cyane.
Ubutaha bukurikira chip, ipaki ipakira, chip ntoya yuzuye ubucucike bwinshi module ipakira bizaba inzira.
6. Kurekura MOCVD bizongerera ingufu inganda
Kugeza ubu umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu epitaxial wafer upstream MOCVD ubushyuhe bwishoramari ni bwinshi cyane, 2011 kwishyiriraho ibikoresho murugo kugeza ibicuruzwa bigeze bigomba kuba hafi 500, 2 kugeza 3 gihembwe cyuyu mwaka, ukurikije ubushobozi bwibikorwa bizasohoka buhoro buhoro, bishobora gutera bimwe Ingaruka ku isoko ryo hagati mu gihugu hagati, biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya chip byera byera muri rusange bizagabanukaho 20 kugeza 30%.
Hejuru ya chip ntarengwa ni inganda zikoranabuhanga cyane, ntabwo zigomba kugira amashyiga gusa, icyangombwa nukugira itsinda ryimpano, impano zimbere murugo muri kano karere zirabuze cyane. Kubwibyo, mu myaka ibiri iri imbere inganda zizihutisha guhuriza hamwe imbaraga, nkimyaka icumi ishize amasosiyete yo muri Tayiwani, iyanyuma irashobora kuba ibigo 6 kugeza kuri 7, ibigo bimwe ntibirengagije amashyiga kandi ntibishobora gutangira, igiciro cyo guta amashyiga ni kinini cyane, birashoboka. ' t kubyara ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge birashobora guhura nabyo.
7. Vuba aha amatara ya LED azaba muburyo bwimbaraga nyinshi hamwe nimbaraga nto zibana
Kugeza ubu ibicuruzwa bimurika LED ku muvuduko gahoro, ahanini bishingiye ku mushinga wa leta mu kuzamura, ariko ikimenyetso cyiza cyerekana ko inzira zigaragara nko muri EMC, binyuze mu gutangiza amabanki, ubwishingizi n’ibindi bigo by’imari, itara ry’inganda LED, itara rusange mu buryo bwihuse iterambere. Andi matara yaka yo hanze kugirango abuze kubara, isoko ryigihe gito cyo kugurisha rishobora gukura vuba.
Ubu ibiciro byo kumurika LED nibiciro biracyari hejuru cyane, urwego rwo gutanga ntiruratera imbere neza, nanone harakenewe byinshi byiterambere muguhuza ikoranabuhanga, nabyo bigomba kurushaho kunoza imikorere yumucyo. Bitewe nigiciro, vuba LED yamurika ibicuruzwa bifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe nimbaraga ntoya ihuriweho hamwe, ariko hamwe nibikoresho byingufu nyinshi igiciro cyaragabanutse cyane, ingufu za LED nini cyane niterambere ryiterambere.
8. Gutezimbere ipatanti yigenga ninzira yibanze yiterambere rirambye
Ikibazo cy'ipatanti LED ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigabanya iterambere ry’inganda za LED mu Bushinwa, inganda za LED mu Bushinwa kugira uruhare ku isi yose, iki ni ikibazo kitari mu bihe byashize, kigomba guteza imbere ipatanti yigenga. Ariko ikibazo cya patenti ntabwo aricyo kibazo cyibanze cyurwego rwa chip, cyangwa epitaxial wafer, chip inzira yubushobozi bwumuntu. Kugeza ubu inzira yo gukemura ikibazo cyipatanti ningenzi cyangwa hafi yakarere gakomeye k’ipatanti, kwishyura amafaranga yimisoro kugirango ubone uruhushya, nibindi. Kugeza ubu ipatanti yUbuyapani, Uburayi na Amerika, Koreya yepfo, Tayiwani, umugabane ugereranije.
Ikibazo cya patenti kirimo ibikoresho bya chip, imiterere yibikoresho, fosifore, gukwirakwiza urumuri rwa kabiri, gushushanya imiterere, nkinzego nyinshi, icyingenzi kiracyari ifu ya fluorescent nibikoresho bya substrate. Iposita ya fosifore nyamukuru mumaboko yimiti, bafata ni aluminate ibikoresho, silikatike yo murugo hamwe na nitride ni r & d, ariko biracyakenewe kunoza kwizerwa no gushikama. Substrate material material, igihugu cyacu mugutezimbere cyane ibikoresho bya Si substrate, intumwa yubumwe nanchang kristal irashobora gukora igishoro cya miriyoni 60 yu ishoramari mubushakashatsi niterambere, imaze gutera imbere kugeza ubu, intsinzi nizigera ibasha gutezimbere inganda zikoranabuhanga zikomatanyije. ni Byakoreshejwe Kuri LED chip, bizagabanya cyane igiciro cya chip kandi ibyerekezo biri imbere ni binini cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2016