Bikurikiranye n'amatara ya LED n'amatara y'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuhanga n'imikorere nk'ibintu byibandwaho mu mikurire ya “bigoye”, byujujwe buhoro buhoro icyifuzo cy'umucyo gakondo, mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe bimurika, kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije nk'uko ingingo yibandaho ikoreshwa iragenda irushaho guhabwa agaciro "yoroshye", inganda zikora amatara gakondo nazo zigira uruhare mumasoko atandukanye yo kumurika LED, gutangira gushora imishinga guhindura inzira. Icyorezo cyumwaka wambere, iyi niyo LED nayo izatangira imyanda yamatara gakondo? Mu mwaka wa 2011, imurikagurisha ry’isi mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’amatara ya guangzhou nk’ibikorwa byambere mu nganda, akenshi birashobora gutangwa amakuru, kumenyekanisha inganda - ku nshuro ya mbere bibaye imurikagurisha rinini ku isi icyarimwe, dibon yonyine ifungura imurikagurisha ya LED yerekanwe nayo yagaragaye nka LED nini nini kwisi.
LED umutungo mumwanya wo hejuru mukuzamuka kwa mutant
Nkuko isi ikurikiranwa cyane (di) uyumunsi igisekuru gishya cyumucyo, LED kubera urumuri rwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, ubuzima burebure, butari uburozi, burashobora gufata ibyakoreshejwe, nkimbaraga, byitwa gukura cyane ibyiringiro byo kumurika icyatsi kibisi mu kinyejana cya 21. Umutungo wa LED mu Bushinwa watangiye mu myaka 70 yikinyejana cya 20, unyuze mu kuzamuka kwimyaka hafi 40, igihugu cyacu cyabaye igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga amatara n’umwanya wa kabiri mu kohereza amatara y’amashanyarazi. Abayobozi mu Bushinwa (Ubushinwa) guhera mu mwaka wa 2009 na minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa batangije amatara y’icyuma cyitwa “ten city wan light” bakoresheje umujyi werekanwe, mu rwego rwo gushimangira politiki, basuzuma kandi baha agaciro ibigo byinshi bitangira guhera LED ubushobozi bwo gukura kwinganda, no gushyiraho "LED ubushyuhe" bwamazi. Muri politiki yo guteza imbere, urumuri rwa LED rwateje imbere cyane. Isoko ryo kumurika LED mumwaka wa 2011 mugihe cyiterambere ryihuta, itara rya LED nicyerekezo cya The Times, amahirwe yinganda zitagira ingano, zifata isoko rinini.
Icyatsi kibisi, LED yamurika izasimbuza amatara gakondo
Mugihe kizaza, amatara ya LED azasimbuza ibicuruzwa gakondo. Ibicuruzwa bishyushye bya LED ni ubwoko bwumucyo ukonje, nta bicuruzwa byamatara gakondo bizagaragaza imvura yubushyuhe, filament yatwitswe nizindi ngingo, hamwe nubuzima burebure kandi burambye. Ubuzima bwibicuruzwa bimurika LED birenze inshuro icumi ubuzima bwibicuruzwa gakondo. Nibikoresho byubuhanga buhanitse bigezweho, bigenzurwa nimashini ibara, birashobora kuba byinshi (geng) gahunda nziza kumurongo kandi birashobora kuba (k ě) murwego umwanya uwariwo wose, kubwibyo birakwiye cyane numero yuyu munsi (shu ) gukura kw'amakuru. Icyingenzi ni, LED yamurika ibicuruzwa bikwiranye no kurengera ibidukikije. Bitewe no gukoresha ingufu nke, ni iy'imodoka ya dc, guhindura amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi bishobora kugera ku ijana ku ijana. Mu bihe byinshi byo kumurika, hejuru ya 80% yingufu kuruta ibicuruzwa gakondo.
Mu myaka ya 2010, ibigo bihuza amatara ya LED kugirango bisimbuze amatara gakondo n'amatara yigihe cyateganijwe kugirango ikibazo gisure icyerekezo gikekwa, gusura ikibazo “(ji ē), nkurikije inganda zimbuto zifasha niterambere rya LED kugirango risimburwe urumuri gakondo ni rwiza cyane. Abantu batekereza ko ishami rya cuhk mugihe cyimyaka 3, amatara ya LED n'amatara kugirango asimbure igipimo cyamatara gakondo ashobora kugera kuri 20%, naho mumyaka 3 kugeza 5 ni 50%, kandi nyuma yimyaka 10 cyangwa kugeza 80%. Muri 2014, dukurikije amakuru aheruka kuvugwa ko itara rya semiconductor rizaba rifite 50% by'umugabane ku isoko ku isi, mu 2016 itara rya semiconductor rizaba rifite 50% by'imigabane ku isoko. Abashinzwe inganda batekereza ko ishami rinini muri 2020 LED yamurika mu nzu cyangwa igipimo cyakazi gishobora kugera kuri 50%.
Ibikoresho fatizo gakondo ni byiza kuri LED yamurika ejo hazaza
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 amatara ya fluorescent (harimo n'amatara azigama ingufu), ibikoresho byayoboye bitanga (di) mugiciro cyibikoresho fatizo byingenzi byisi bidasanzwe bizamuka cyane, m (ngirakamaro) m: ng yageze kuri 124%, igiciro kiracyari muri ihindagurika ry'uyu munsi. Mu gusubiza, inganda zifasha gusesengura ibitekerezo, igiciro cyamakuru yambere, nkisi idasanzwe mugihe kizaza izakomeza kuzamuka ubudahwema. Bitewe nifu ya fosifori yisi idasanzwe ni ibikoresho byingenzi, itara rya fluorescent, amatara azigama ingufu, ibikoresho bya LED bikoreshwa mu ifu ya fosifori, ifaranga ry’ibiciro ryerekana ubushake bw’urunani rw’inganda.
Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, 80% by'amatara azigama ingufu ku isi akorerwa mu Bushinwa, muri iki gihe hari amatara arenga 3000 azigama ingufu hamwe n’inganda zihuriweho mu gihugu cyacu, umusaruro wa buri mwaka w'amatara azigama ingufu ukoresheje miliyari 3 gusa, ni a vice ni amatara azigama ingufu mubikorwa byisi yose. Isoko ryibanze ariko ryohejuru ryigaruriwe nibirango byamahanga nka GE, philips, abashinwa benshi bakora ibicuruzwa bazerera mumasoko yo hasi, bagabanya inyungu. Kandi ibiciro bidasanzwe byimbere mu gihugu byanze bikunze umubare munini wo kurya Ubushinwa inganda zitanga ingufu nka dibon ntabwo ari inyungu nyinshi. Ese isi idasanzwe nayo ni kimwe mubikoresho byingenzi byibikoresho byo kumurika LED, ariko nkubwoko bwibicuruzwa bishya, amatara ya LED inyungu yumunsi aracyari hejuru cyane, shingiro irashobora kurenga 30%, kandi ukurikije igishoro, ni isi idasanzwe hamwe nicyuma cyibikoresho bizazamuka uko umwaka utashye, ariko umurwa mukuru wibicuruzwa bitanga amatara ya LED ishami ry’ibicuruzwa bikuru bizahoraho, birashobora guhagarika izamuka ryibiciro. Kuri iki kibazo, byagereranijwe ko hazabaho imishinga myinshi yihuta kugera kumurongo wamurika LED.
Amasosiyete gakondo yamurika kwagura kugurisha umutungo wa LED kuzamuka
Umufuka w'inyuma ejo hashize umwaka, umuvuduko w’ifaranga ry’imbere mu gihugu wiyongera, amakuru y’umwimerere n’umutungo w’abantu urazamuka bikomeje, irushanwa rikomeje kwiyongera mu nganda zimurika mu gihugu, ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi bwarazamutse cyane, inganda zimwe zagiye ziba inyungu nkeya. Ahanini mubisabwa ku isoko, bifatanije n’inkunga ya politiki ya leta, ubwiyongere bw’inganda zimurika burimo imbaraga nini, uhereye ku nganda zihuriweho n’inganda zashyizwe ku rutonde, kugurisha amatara ya LED ubucuruzi n’inyungu kugeza ku mutungo bifite umwanya munini kandi uhamye. Mu mwaka wa 2010, urumuri rwizuba (hua) ruteganya kugera kuri gahunda yumwaka igamije, amafaranga yinjira mu bucuruzi buri mwaka ni miliyari 2.17, yageze kuri gahunda yuzuye agera kuri 102.04%, yiyongera kuri 24.52%; Ku nganda zitanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu imbere mu mwanya wa mbere, itara rya foshan muri 2011 kugirango turusheho kwagura ubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Komeza ugabanye ibicuruzwa byose, fungura cyane kandi utange ibicuruzwa bizigama ingufu nibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro, nk'itara rya halide itara, itara rya LED, nibindi, binyuze mugukurikirana ibitanda kumasoko yabasivili. Imirasire y'izuba kugirango yihute yerekeza kumatara agaragara kuva kumuri gakondo, mercure nurufunguzo rwo guteza imbere amatara yangiza ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ubushakashatsi bwibicuruzwa bishya hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitanga amatara ya LED.
Saba abahanga bavuga ko mu myaka iri imbere isoko ryo kumurika LED rizagenda rikura buhoro buhoro, nanone ni itara gakondo ku matara ya LED n'amatara nicyo gikomeye cyane kugirango intsinzi yinzibacyuho yimyaka 10. Urutonde muri Hong Kong umwaka ushize leishi yamurika amafaranga yinjira yiyongereyeho 54.3% kuva umwaka ushize ugera kuri miliyoni 470 $, isosiyete ishimangira guteza imbere isoko ryumucyo uzigama ingufu; Kumurika ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi byiyongereyeho 64.5%, cyane cyane ZhanEn mubicuruzwa bifite amatara n'amatara hamwe nisoko yumucyo bifasha kugurisha kwiyongera. Vuba aha leishi yamurika ibicuruzwa binini byo kumurika LED, iterambere ryumwuga LED kumurika kugena umutungo. Urashobora kugaragara uhereye kumiterere yavuzwe haruguru, ubushobozi bwa gakondo bwo gucana ibigo byunguka bihagije, gukurikiranira hafi gahunda y'ibicuruzwa LED the tide, kwagura ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwa LED. Amatara gakondo arimo gutembera hamwe na entreprise nshya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-11-2016